International Journal of Applied Science and Research

Mark Gil C. Dela Rosa 1, Princes Joy O. Rosete 2, Katelyn Joy N. Maggay 3, Joanna Rose M. Mego 4, Mel Jan D. Rivas 5, Reina Mae E. Elegido 6

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56293/IJASR.2023.5601

ABSTRACT: This study aimed to identify the errors and misconceptions in solving the operation of integers among the grade 7 studenst of Amungan National High School. This study aimed to identify the sources and causes of students' errors and misconceptions when solving problems involving integer addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. This study is a qualitative study that is designed to identify the errors and misconceptions in solving the operation of integers. The researchers used a descriptive research design using an adopted survey questionnaire. The findings concluded that: the common error of the students in solving addition and subtraction of integers is procedural errors, common error in solving multiplication and division of integers is careless error. A common misconception of the respondents in solving addition and subtraction of integers are can’t assimilate concepts and poor knowledge, a common misconception in solving multiplication and division of integers is signed rules misconception. Researcher offers the following recommendations: Teacher should teach the students that when two negatives are right next to each other with nothing except maybe a parenthesis in between, they become positive. – (-) = +. Teachers should have students' portfolios to help them reflect on the wrong answers they've got and for them to figure out where they have mistaken and areas that need improvements. Teachers need to develop contextualized strategic materials about the operations of integers with application in real-life situations in order to understand more about the operation of integers. Teachers should provide a daily/weekly activity on the operations of integers this will help to enhance and develop the skills/knowledge of the students.

Keyword: Procedural error, Careless error, can't assimilate concept, Poor knowledge, Sign rules misconception

Mercy Wanja Njagi

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56293/IJASR.2023.5602

ABSTRACT: The teacher is the most important element in any program of education. The teacher plays a critical role in implementation of the educational process hence it is imperative to invest in the preparation of teachers in terms of training so that the future of a nation is secure. Thus, teacher education is an important component and the main pillar of any system of education. Teacher education programs need to focus on a practice-based curriculum to increase teachers’ competencies to meet the ever-increasing teaching standards demand and raise student achievement. The purpose of the study was to investigate the efficaciousness of simulation strategy in teacher-trainee preparation in the universities in Kenya. The study adopted Quasi-experimental design and in particular nonequivalent control group posttest-only. The respondents were third year student teacher in pre-service teacher education provided at the undergraduate level in the universities in Kenya. The sample size was 84 student teachers in selected universities in Kenya. The research instrument used was student teacher questionnaire and student assessment report. The data was analysed using both descriptive and inferential statistics involving t-test where the hypothesis was tested at α = 0.05 level of significance. Based on the findings of the study, it may be concluded that simulation strategy is an effective and useful strategy to develop teaching skills required to produce competent teachers. The study further revealed simulation impacts positively on mastery of teaching skills and prepares the student-teacher adequately for teaching hence it can be recommended that simulation be adopted in teacher training programs.

Keyword: Teacher Education, Simulation Strategy, Pedagogy, Student-teacher.

Sabas Kimani

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56293/IJASR.2023.5603

ABSTRACT: In the 21st century Philosophy of mind is naturally understood in terms of a certain historical progression. After rejecting introspection as unreliable, some behaviorists sought to understand the mind strictly in terms of widely available data. Nevertheless, behaviorism cannot account for certain inner feelings and states, so the identity theory emerged as a viable physicalist alternative. The identity theory posits a strict, reductive identity between brain states and mental states. However, the one-to-one link between psychological terms and corresponding physical terms was problematic, since terms like "pain" seem to have many relations to physical kinds. To address this issue functionalists described mental states in terms of a kind of finite machine or probabilistic mechanism, defined by a pattern of relationships between inputs, outputs, and other internal states. These structures have the attractive feature that they can multiply and be realized in different physical systems. Consequently, contemporary philosophy of mind has rediscovered phenomenology, notwithstanding in a fairly impoverished form. Contemporary philosophers of mind often address the "phenomenology" of a particular form of experience by inquiring whether "there is something that it is like" to undergo it. The phrase is suggestive, but it has led to a severe phenomenology, an account of the "small mental residue" that materialist theories leave unexplained. On the other hand, this narrow conception of phenomenology has been expanding. ""Liberal"" accounts of phenomenal character include emotional-affective, agentive, and cognitive experience. Intentionality has been pursued in an increasingly phenomenological way. These and related projects come closer to phenomenology as historically conceived, which was extremely rich in terms of its method, scope, and conceptual apparatus. In this article we give an overview of the phenomenological tradition. In addition, we survey some of the many ways phenomenology overlaps philosophy of mind, how they have shared historical origins in Brentano, Frege and Husserl; the areas of numerous thematic overlaps and the active collaborations. Finally, we shall argue about how phenomenology and philosophy mind can interact.

Keyword: Contemporary, Mind, Phenomenology, Philosophy

Dr Majed Albogmi, Dr Ahmed Alharthi, Dr Mohammad Alharbi, Dr. Mutaz Alareef, Dr Maha Aldohan

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56293/IJASR.2023.5604

ABSTRACT: Background: Pentacuspid aortic valve is a rare congenital anomaly associated with symptoms ranging from chest discomfort to palpitations, audible murmur, exertional and paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea. Progressively worsening exertional dizziness, as seen in the following case, was not recorded in published literature. Case Summary: A 54-year-old male presented with a history of progressive exertional dizziness associated with chest pain and dyspnea. His electrocardiogram (ECG) showed signs of left ventricular hypertrophy and the transoesophageal echocardiography revealed a pentacuspid aortic valve with moderately severe aortic insufficiency, non-coaptation during diastole, and it confirmed the presence of left ventricular hypertrophy. The patient also underwent coronary angiography which revealed normal coronary arteries. The case was managed with an aortic valve replacement surgery using a supra annular mechanical valve. Discussion: Transoesophageal echocardiography plays an important role in diagnosing valvular abnormalities or other structural heart defects. As seen in this case, the patient’s ECG showed signs of left ventricular hypertrophy, which required the use of other imaging modalities to confirm and determine the underlying cause.

Keyword: case report, pentacuspid aortic valve, aortic insufficiency, aortic regurgitation, congenital heart disease

Ratna Ningsih 1, Eviana S. Tambunan 2, Dika Ardhia 3

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56293/IJASR.2023.5605

ABSTRACT: Adolescence is a period of transition from childhood to adulthood, the characteristics of adolescents are the desire to know more and the biological changes that include puberty, increased hormones, and sexual desire that begins to arise. Sexual desires that arise if not handled properly will cause problems for adolescents, one of which is premarital sexual behavior in adolescents. Knowledge, sources of information, peer influence, and fathers play an important role in premarital sexual behavior in adolescents, fathers can act as teachers and role models to provide information related to sexuality to male adolescents to avoid premarital sexual behavior. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between knowledge, sources of information, peer influence, and father's role on premarital sexual behavior in male adolescents. Methods: This research is a quantitative study with an observational analytic design and a cross sectional type. The sample size used in this study was 144 people according to the inclusion criteria, this study used a total sampling technique from the population. In data collection used a questionnaire containing respondent data, knowledge questionnaire, information sources, peer influence, father's role, and premarital sexual behavior questionnaire. The analysis of this study uses the Chi Square test. Results: The results of this study found that there was a significant relationship between knowledge (p=0.000), peer influence (p=0.000) and father's role (p=0.000) on sexual behavior, while there was no significant relationship between sources of knowledge (p=0.236) on premarital sexual behavior. Conclusion: There is a significant relationship between knowledge, peer influence, and father's role on premarital sexual behavior in male adolescents.

Keyword: Adolescent; Knowledge; Resource; Peer Influence; Father's Role; Premarital Sexual Behavior

1 Onyeyili Tochukwu Innocent, 2 David Idakwo Friday, 3 Nworabude Ekene Franklin, 4 Oguchiedozie Darlington

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56293/IJASR.2023.5606

ABSTRACT: Design and Construction of a Microcontroller Based Laboratory Trainer is the development of a lab trainer kit to serve as an improvise to carry out Lab experiments for students. The knowledge of microcontroller to engineering students is essential hence it will help them in the development of their prototypes for their design projects. This project is designed using both the 8051 and automatic voltage regulator (AVR) family of microcontrollers in a compact laboratory-type electronic trainer. The trainer is capable of carrying out 7 experiments which include; LCD experiments, 7 segment display experiments, traffic light experiments, streetlight experiments, temperature-based experiments, and logic gate experiments. Results of all the experiments show the trainer requirements of involving conventional electronic and classical control systems.

Keyword: Automatic Voltage Regulator (AVR), LCD, Engineering Microcontrollers, Logic gates, laboratory trainer, Seven Segment Display

1 Ahmad AbdulQadir AlRababah, 2 Khaldoun A. Besoul, 1 Abdulraheem Ghazi Bazi, 1 Ahmad AlSlimi, 1 Ibrahim Arishi

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56293/IJASR.2023.5607

ABSTRACT: Face recognition stands as a paramount cornerstone of biometric technology, wielding immense power across a spectrum of applications. Its prowess in security, authentication, identification, and a plethora of other advantages is beyond dispute. This technological marvel, with the finesse to autonomously identify or verify individuals within digital images or video frames, extracted from dynamic video clips, is a force to be reckoned with facial recognition systems, in their diverse manifestations, share a common modus operandi: they meticulously scrutinize selected facial features in a given image, juxtaposing them with a vast database of stored visages. But it's not limited to mere scrutiny; it's revolutionizing the attendance-taking process, an area notorious for its timeconsuming nature, especially when carried out by administrators. The primary objective of this automated attendance system is audacious: to seamlessly identify multiple faces in realtime, specifically tailored for educational institutions. Daily, it captures, compares, and updates the attendance records of students by scrutinizing images captured via cameras and contrasting them with the preloaded database under the administrator's custody. As the designated meeting time arrives, the system springs into action, capturing live video shots and subjecting them to the rigors of face detection and recognition techniques. Those students who meet the recognition criteria are swiftly marked as present, and their attendance records are enriched with timestamp and course identification. And for situations where students are tardy or absent, the administrator retains the power to manually adjust their attendance status. This system heralds a new era of efficiency and accuracy in the realm of attendance management.

Keyword: Face recognition, digital image, video frame, real-time environment, recognition techniques

Alina Savotchenko 1, Elena Isaeva 2, Mariia Shypshyna 3, Dmytro Isaev 1

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56293/IJASR.2023.5608

ABSTRACT: Endogenous neuraminidase (NEU) is an essential factor that regulates the abundance of negatively charged sialic acid residues on the outer cell membrane. Earlier research on the effects of NEU blockage on hippocampal plasticity demonstrated a significant decrease in long-term potentiation (LTP) in CA3-to-CA1 network. Furthermore, deficiency of NEU activity facilitated short-term depression at Schaffer collateral inputs to CA1 layer. However, presynaptic release probability, evaluated through paired-pulse ratios, was not affected. Although there is clear evidence that LTP can be altered by blocking NEU, it is still unclear whether this modification is solely due to changes in synaptic efficacy or if intrinsic excitability, such as the EPSP-spike (E/S) coupling, also contributes to the effect. We have addressed this question by examining the changes in E/S curves from rat hippocampal CA1 region due to NEU inhibition before and after LTP induction. We show that downregulation of NEU activity leads to the E/S depression, indicating a decreased ability of EPSPs to elicit action potentials as a result of changes in activitydependent hippocampal plasticity.

Keyword: neuraminidase blocker, synaptic plasticity, EPSP-spike coupling, hippocampus.

Fulus, D. Fom

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56293/IJASR.2023.5609

ABSTRACT: Cultism in Nigerian higher education institutions has evolved into a pervasive menace, posing significant threats to education, safety, and the development of young minds. This study addresses a critical gap in the existing literature by empirically identifying the principal factors motivating students to join campus cults at selected tertiary institutions within Nigeria. Utilizing a quantitative cross-sectional survey design, data were collected from 400 students across five institutions in Plateau State. Factor analysis revealed five major drivers of cultism: (1) Lack of support systems and disempowerment, (2) The pursuit of power, status, and revenge, (3) Academic frustration, (4) Negative peer influence, and (5) Deceptive cult recruitment practices. These findings offer vital insights into the multifaceted motivations for cultism within the institutional context and provide a foundation for evidence-based interventions. To combat cultism effectively, tailored measures such as counselling programs for students lacking family support, campaigns against negative peer pressure, academic structure improvements, and transparency about the dangers of cults during orientation are recommended. This research contributes to a deeper understanding of cultism within Nigerian tertiary institutions, enabling the development of context-specific strategies to enhance the quality, integrity, and progress of higher education in Nigeria.

Keyword: Principal, Component, Cultism, Factors, Students

Tengyue Fu, MD 1, Fengjuan Wang, MD 2, Shuaishuai Wu, MD 1, Wenqiang Che, MD 1, Xin Geng, MD 1,Xiangyu Wang, MD 1

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56293/IJASR.2023.5610

ABSTRACT: Acute spinal cord injury (ASCI) refers to the symptoms of sensory, motor dysfunction and defecation disorder in the parts below the level of spinal cord injury after the spinal cord is injured by various factors, which seriously affects the quality of life of the patient. ASCI is a common severe disabling disease in the field of neuroscience. Although the clinical treatment of spinal cord injury has made great progress, compared with the development of theoretical research, its clinical research progress is still insufficient. The most commonly used treatment methods at this stage are surgery and high-dose hormone pulse therapy. According to recent studies, the technology of in situ regeneration of neurons has received widespread attention and development due to its unique advantages of avoiding immune rejection of exogenous cell transplantation, risk of tumor formation, and in situ transformation of scar glial cells into neurons is expected to become a new therapeutic intervention for spinal cord injury.

Keyword: Spinal cord injury；Clinical treatment；Nerve regeneration

Venkatramalingam K, Saravanan N and Balamurugan K

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56293/IJASR.2023.5611

ABSTRACT: Aquaculture is one of the fastest-growing systems in the world and has emerged as an industry that can supply protein-rich food throughout the world. The quality and quantity of fish feed consumed have a pronounced effect on the growth rate, efficiency of feed conversion, and chemical composition of fish. The use of well-balanced artificial feed is the primary basis for the success of intensive aquaculture. In recent years, fish nutrition has balanced probiotic diets that promote optimal fish growth and health. Probiotics may also be functional foods, which are defined as foods that contain some health-promoting components beyond traditional nutrients. Thus, the utilization of multifunctional probiotic-incorporated feed has emerged as a solution with huge application in aquaculture. Spirulina acts as a growth promoter and probiotic food booster for the immune system in fish. Digestive enzymes are one of the most important factors that influence the growth, efficiency of feed utilization, and feed conversion in fish. The objective of this present study is to prepare artificial probiotic pelleted feed using locally available ingredients and study the digestive enzymes of guts fed with probiotic Spirulina-incorporated feed. The present study described the development of digestive enzymes (lipase, protease, cellulose, and amylase) in the carp Cirrhinus mrigala fed on Spirulina fusiformis. The specific activity of amylase increased by 176.17 + 2.71 U/µmol in experimental fish fed on the SF-5 diet (5% inclusion). The increased cellulase activity in the gut (56.19 + 0.06 U/mg) was influenced by the higher (5%) inclusion level of Spirulina fusiformis (SF5). The lipase activity was found to be significantly higher in the treatment groups than in the control group. The highest lipase activity (5.85 + 0.31 U/µmol) was observed in the gut of fingerlings fed with the SF5 diet (5% Spirulina inclusion), whereas the lowest lipase activity (4.02 + 0.05, 4.18 + 0.03 U/µmol) was recorded in fish fed with the control and SF1 (1% inclusion) diets. Significantly higher levels of protease (53.97+ 0.68 U U/µmol) were observed in Cirrhinus mrigala fingerlings when fed on the SF5 diet.

Keyword: Spirulina, Probiotic feed, Digestive enzymes, Supplementary feed

Omi Haryati, Novita, Nurhalimah, Endang Banon

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56293/IJASR.2023.5612

ABSTRACT: Online games are now familiar to children, especially teenagers, and these games are very popular. This game allows teenagers to be included in the criteria for addiction to online games, because the games are very exciting and look attractive to teenagers so they don't realize they are included in the criteria for addiction to online games. Online games are influenced by various type factor among them is factor type gender, motivation, type of online game, environment Friend peer, pattern parenting, and the economy family. Objective Study This done for identify the factors that influence online game addiction in adolescents. Metode This is quantitative with method cross sectional approach with chi-square test and spearman rank correlation test. Sample in study This of 106 samples with use technique purposive sampling. Tool measure used _ that is instrument for measure influencing factors _ online game addiction in adolescents with use scale likert. Results from study This obtained Factors that significantly influence online game addiction in adolescents are h factor pattern foster parents, _ factor motivation, factor environment Friend peers, and factors economy family. In conclusion is there is significant relationship _ between factor motivation, environment Friend peer, pattern parenting, and the economy family with online game addiction in adolescents. Almost part teenagers at SMP Muhammadiyah 5 East Jakarta have severe online game addiction because supported by the factors that influence it.

Keyword: Teenagers; online game; addiction

Kelvin Kivinda Musango

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56293/IJASR.2023.5613

ABSTRACT: This study presents a descriptive analysis of the essence of curriculum monitorina and evaluation in kenya. The existing literature agrees that curriculum monitoring as a process of gathering data for evaluating and defining the effectiveness of the curriculum against the set predetermined objectives is an essential must-have aspect for effective curriculum implementation. It ensures that the implemented curriculum aligns with the set objectives. Curriculum monitoring and evaluation focuses on the relevance, practicality, scaling-up, sustainability, relevance, effectiveness, and consistency of the curriculum. Learners should achieve the desired outcomes ascertained through curriculum monitoring and evaluation. As such, the curriculum should be monitored in the area within which it will be used.

Keyword: curriculum, curriculum monitoring, curriculum evaluation

H.A. Budi Prasetijo 1, Slamet Riadi 2, Abdul Rivai 3

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56293/IJASR.2023.5614

ABSTRACT: This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the drug-free certificate policy in preventing the drug spread in Palu City; analyze the integration of organizations managing drug-free certificates in preventing the drug spread in Palu City; and analyze adaptations in managing drug-free certificates in preventing the drug spread in Palu City. This study used a qualitative approach and it was carried out for 6 months. Data were collected by conducting interviews, observation, and documentation. Data analysis used an interactive model consisting of data collection, data condensation, data display, and concluding. The results of the study show that the aspect of achieving the goal was effective in providing services to the public who need Drug Free Certificates. However, the substantial goal of preventing the drug spread is not effective. Integration aspects cover socialization, commitment, and communication. The internal commitment and internal communication aspects have been realized but socialization and external communication aspects have not been realized. Besides, adaptation to the technological environment and administrative environment aspects have been realized except for online digitalization. In addition, adaptation is not been effective in preventing the drug spread. It can be said that the implementation of the Drug-Free Certificate policy is not effective in preventing drug drug spread in Palu City.

Keyword: Policy Effectiveness, Drug-Free Certificate, Drugs.

Nurhalimah 1, Endang Banon 2, Indriana Rakhmawati 3 and Novia Nuraini* 4

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56293/IJASR.2023.5615

ABSTRACT: Elderly people who suffer from stroke and have limited mobility will experience complex problems. The consequences of physical disability will result in a decrease in the quality of life. Problems will also be experienced by the families who care for them, long-term care will be a burden for the family which will have an impact on reducing the level of life satisfaction. The aim of this community service is to increase community participation in caring for elderly people with stroke who experience limited mobility. The method used uses a family and community empowerment approach. Implementation of community service is carried out using planning, implementation and evaluation methods. The results of community service show that 90% of health workers, cadres, families and patients are able to carry out various therapies such as assertive training, deep breathing, cognitive therapy and passive active training. Ninety percent of the elderly experienced an increase in the mental health of the elderly from a value of 38.82 percent to 43.88%, which means that the mental health of the elderly increased. In conclusion, family and community empowerment plays an important role in improving the health status of elderly patients who experience stroke with limited mobility.

Keyword: Elderly, Family, Limited mobility, Society, Stroke

Nelly Yardes 1, Eska Riyanti 2, Suratun 3, Pudjiati 4, Aranya Wikantari 5

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56293/IJASR.2023.5616

ABSTRACT: New policies made by the government aimed at breaking the chain of COVID-19 spread, such as the Work From Home (WFH) policy. Previous research explains how WFH policies can increase the workload of employees. This can cause health problems, such as computer vision syndrome. The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of workload during WFH on computer vision syndrome. This research is quantitative and uses a descriptiveanalytic method with a cross-sectional design. The study sample consisted of 148 samples and was taken using purposive sampling. The research instrument was a questionnaire on Google Form. The analyses used in this research are univariate and bivariate analysis. The results showed that 57.4% of employees had a high workload, 42.6% had a low workload, 72.3% had CVS, and 27.7% had no CVS. The results of the bivariate analysis showed that there was a relationship between workload, duration of work, and CVS health problems (p = 0.025 and p = 0.002). Meanwhile, there was no relationship between age, gender, frequency of eye rest, duration of short rest, and CVS health problems (p = 1.000; p = 0.595; p = 0.270; p = 0.750). There is a relationship between workload during work from home and the duration of working at a computer with CVS.

Keyword: Workload; Work From Home; Computer Vision Syndrome

Harison 1, Bambang Widjanarko Otok 2, Harun Al Azies 3, 4

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56293/IJASR.2023.5617

ABSTRACT: This article aims to determine the prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) in East Java Province, which ranks ninth at 6.8, with Surabaya City leading in diabetes cases. To improve quality, the Social Health Insurance Administration Body (BPJS) has created a referral system, and the As-Shafa clinic in Sidoarjo serves as a reference for BPJS users and diabetes patients. 37 of the 75 female patients have normal blood glucose levels, while 38 have high levels. Thirteen males had normal readings, while 38 had excessive blood glucose. With BF = 15, MI = 1, and MO = 3, the best MARS model highlights gender and BMI as dominant variables. The MARS method obtains 0.6733 accuracy on training data and 0.6000 accuracy on testing data. Bagging MARS and random forest MARS both achieve 40% accuracy, whereas boosting MARS achieves 44.1%. The MARS approach beats other methods in identifying blood sugar levels in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients at the As-Shafa Clinic in Sidoarjo.

Keyword: MARS Ensemble, Diabetes Mellitus, Bagging, Boosting, Random Forest

Author : Nicko S. Tagle

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56293/IJASR.2023.5618

ABSTRACT: An air-conditioning system trainer for automobile air conditioning was developed and evaluated as part of this project. This trainer's goal is to give students and technicians actual, hands-on experience in learning the functioning and workings of an automobile air conditioning system. The development of the trainer included the design and construction of a compact and portable system that simulates the working conditions of a car airconditioning system. The trainer consisted of various components, such as a compressor, condenser, evaporator, expansion valve, and refrigerant, which are interconnected with piping and electrical wiring. The trainer is equipped with sensors and gauges to measure and display the relevant parameters, such as temperature, pressure, and flow rate, of the refrigerant and air. The system is also integrated with a control panel that allows the users to adjust and monitor the system parameters. The assessment of the trainer involved testing and evaluating its effectiveness in achieving the learning outcomes. The evaluation criteria included the students' comprehension and retention of the theoretical concepts, their ability to diagnose and troubleshoot the system faults, and their proficiency in performing maintenance and repair tasks. The assessment also considered the trainer's reliability, durability, and safety aspects, as well as its ease of use and maintenance. The feedback from the users was collected and analyzed to identify the areas of improvement and to optimize the trainer's design and functionality. The development and assessment of the air-conditioning system trainer provides a valuable tool for enhancing the students' and technicians' skills and knowledge in car airconditioning. The trainer enabled them to gain practical experience in a controlled and safe environment, which prepares them for the challenges of the real-world scenarios

Keyword: air-conditioning system, instructional material, automotive students, automotive teachers, industry practitioners.